Why Do Great Apes Engage in Cannibalism?
1. Intra-species aggression and dominance
• Chimpanzees sometimes kill infants from other groups or even their own. After such killings, cannibalism may follow, often led by high-ranking females or males.
• The behavior may serve social or territorial purposes, weakening rival groups or reducing the reproductive success of competitors.
2. Resource scarcity or stress
• Some cases seem related to nutritional stress, especially during dry seasons or in food-poor environments.
• However, cannibalism is rarely driven purely by hunger — it’s more opportunistic than necessary.
3. Maternal cannibalism
• Rarely, mothers have been observed eating their deceased infants, usually shortly after death from illness or injury. This is interpreted more as a stress response, not premeditated behavior.
4. Social learning and imitation is considered important.
• Once cannibalism occurs in a group, others may join in — especially juveniles learning by watching adults.
• If a dominant individual initiates it, others may follow due to hierarchy and mimicry.
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How Do They Do It?
In observed chimpanzee cannibalism:
• Typically, an infant chimp is targeted — either from infanticide (deliberate killing) or scavenged after death.
• Alpha or higher-ranking members may start the dismembering.
• The group will share or compete for the meat, often starting with soft tissues like limbs or organs.
• Eating is quick and coordinated, with participants using their hands and teeth, sometimes tools (sticks or leaves) to clean or hold pieces.

What Happens to the Bones?
Great apes do not appear to intentionally process or keep bones after cannibalism. What typically happens:
• Bones are gnawed for residual marrow or protein, but they’re not stored or used as tools.
• In the wild, bones decompose naturally or are scattered by scavengers or weather.